Lecture 1: Intro to Photoshop

Urdu/Hindi Version

Intro to Photoshop in Urdu, Hindi by crazytutor

What is a Pixel?

Pixel is the unit of graphics.

One pixel is a box on screen.

For Example: A screen with width 800 pixels and height 600 pixels results in 480000 pixels/box on it; those 480000 pixels are also referred as Screen resolution.

How many types of graphics are there?

There are two types of graphics:

Roaster Graphics: Roaster graphics are resolution dependent, it uses pixel as a unit. So, if want to increase the size of an image we have to increase its pixels too. e.g. Bitmap(paint), Photoshop.

Vector Graphics: Vector graphics are made of mathematical calculations that form image; they do not use pixels therefore they are resolution-independent. e.g. Microsoft express studio.

If we stretch an object in paint it does not changes its pixels and results in a low quality object. But, if we stretch the same object in vector graphics software, it maintains the quality and the image remains unaffected; that’s because it calculates the increase in image width & height and thus, increases the amount of pixels in proportion.

Understanding the User Interface of Photoshop:

Menu Bar: All of the options are embedded in this menu.

Tool Box: It contains the tools available in Photoshop.

Caption buttons: Minimize; Maximize and close.

Property bar: Contains properties of selected tool.

Panel:  Contains Layers info, Adjustment & color info, History etc.

Photoshop Tools Reference:

Marquee (Selection) Tool: Contains rectangular, eclipse, single row and single column marquee tools.
Shortcut: M;   Remove Selection: Ctrl+d

Move Tool: Used for moving the current selection.

Shortcut: V

Lecture 1: Intro to Computing

Urdu/Hindi Version


Intro to computing in Urdu/Hindi by crazytutor

What is a Computer?

A computer is an advance electronic calculator which process/calculates an input data and gives the desired output.

Data: Information encoded in a specific language; Understandable by a specific entity. Computers encode information in binary language.

Input: Anything we feed to Computer.

Output: A result from computer after processing an input.

CPU (Central Processing Unit): Brain of a computer; Responsible for calculating inputs. 

Processing power is measured in Hertz. It is the SI unit of frequency; equal to one cycle per second.

Memory: Memory is the electronic holding place for instructions or data which are processed by CPU.

In a memory, computer stores data temporarily while performing some operation.

Storage: A place to store data permanently.

Device: A machine, capable of performing some objective or specific tasks.

Input Devices: Mouse, Keyboard etc.

Output Devices: Monitor, Printer etc.

Storage Devices: Hard disk, Usb flash drives etc.

• Ram (Random access memory) is considered as primary or main memory, while storage (Hard disk, CD’s, DVD’s, USB flash drive etc.) are considered as Secondary memory.

Secondary us Primary memory:

A Secondary memory stores data permanently, while a primary memory clean up its contents on reload (restart). 

E.g. A hard disk knows where a data is placed even after a restart, but a ram after a restart contains nothing.

 

Most common input devices:

Mouse

Digital Camera

Mike

Keyboard

Scanner

Joystick

Most Common Output Devices:

Monitor

Printer

Speaker

 

 

 

Is there any device, which performs both Input and Output at the same time?

Modem: Modem is a device which performs both input and output operation at the same time. It converts the digital signals into analog and analog signals into digital.

Lecture 1: Intro to CCNA

Urdu/Hindi Version

Intro to CCNA in Urdu, Hindi by crazytutor

What is CCNA?

• CCNA stands for Cisco certified network associate.

• CCNA is a specialized training that increases your networking knowledge.

Why Study CCNA?

• It build’s your command on Cisco devices.

• It prepares you to perform the role of a network tecnition, a network administrator or a network support engineer.

• In CCNA we are dealing with WAN, MAN and VPN networks. We are not concerned with Intra-LAN operations.

Who is Cisco?

• The Inventor of Router.   

• Market leader of Routers, Switches and some other Networking devices.

Cisco Certification Hierarchy:

Re-certification Renewal Time frames:

Certification	Duration
Entry-level, Associate-level, and Professional level	3 years
All CCIE certifications	2 years
Specialist certifications	2 years
Cisco Certified Architect	5 years

 

Learn more about certifications: http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/certifications/index.html

CCNA R&S Required Exam(s) :

Option 1

200-120: CCNA:- Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices: Accelerated (CCNAX)

OR

Option 2

100-101: ICND1 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1

200-101: ICND2 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 2

Course Topics:

Contents	Weightage
1. Operation of IP Data Networks	5%
2. LAN Switching  Technologies	20%
3. IP Addressing  (IPv4/IPv6)	5%
4. IP Routing  Technologies	20%
5. IP Services	10%
6. Network Device  Security	10%
7. Troubleshooting	20%
8. WAN Technologies	10%

Lecture 1: Intro to Networking

Urdu/Hindi Version

What is Networking?

A Group of devices connected together through a medium to share some information or data.

• Group is defined as two or more things.
• Devices are machines which performs specific tasks.
• Medium is path used to connect devices and share data.
• Data is information in a specific code language.

Another definition of networking:

Networking = Connectivity (Hardware) + Communication (Software)

Figure:- Three Devices Connected together using two mediums to share some data or information

What is a broadcast domain?

• Devices in same broadcast domain can communicate independently.
• Every connected device is in a same broadcast domain until separated by a broadcast breaker.
• A broadcast breaker is a special kind of hardware device.
• There are software's available which can be used as a broadcast breaker.