Lecture 1: Intro to Computing

Urdu/Hindi Version


Intro to computing in Urdu/Hindi by crazytutor

What is a Computer?

A computer is an advance electronic calculator which process/calculates an input data and gives the desired output.

Data: Information encoded in a specific language; Understandable by a specific entity. Computers encode information in binary language.

Input: Anything we feed to Computer.

Output: A result from computer after processing an input.

CPU (Central Processing Unit): Brain of a computer; Responsible for calculating inputs. 

Processing power is measured in Hertz. It is the SI unit of frequency; equal to one cycle per second.

Memory: Memory is the electronic holding place for instructions or data which are processed by CPU.

In a memory, computer stores data temporarily while performing some operation.

Storage: A place to store data permanently.

Device: A machine, capable of performing some objective or specific tasks.

Input Devices: Mouse, Keyboard etc.

Output Devices: Monitor, Printer etc.

Storage Devices: Hard disk, Usb flash drives etc.

• Ram (Random access memory) is considered as primary or main memory, while storage (Hard disk, CD’s, DVD’s, USB flash drive etc.) are considered as Secondary memory.

Secondary us Primary memory:

A Secondary memory stores data permanently, while a primary memory clean up its contents on reload (restart). 

E.g. A hard disk knows where a data is placed even after a restart, but a ram after a restart contains nothing.

 

Most common input devices:

Mouse

Digital Camera

Mike

Keyboard

Scanner

Joystick

Most Common Output Devices:

Monitor

Printer

Speaker

 

 

 

Is there any device, which performs both Input and Output at the same time?

Modem: Modem is a device which performs both input and output operation at the same time. It converts the digital signals into analog and analog signals into digital.